| Contents |
The Soviet Union's biological warfare program, 1926-1972 -- Beginnings of the "modern" Soviet BW program, 1970-1977 -- The USSR Ministry of Defense facilities and the Soviet biological warfare program -- The open-air testing of biological weapons by Aralsk-7 on Vozrozhdeniye Island -- Defensive activities against biological warfare carried out in the Soviet civilian sector -- Biopreparat's role in the Soviet BW program and its survival in Russia -- Biopreparat's State Research Center for Applied Microbiology (SRCAM) -- All-Union Research Institute of Molecular Biology SPA ("Vector") -- Biopreparat facilities at Leningrad, Lyubuchany, and Stepnogorsk -- Soviet biological weapons and doctrines for their use -- Assessments of Soviet biological warfare activities by Western intelligence services -- United States covert biological warfare disinformation -- Distinguishing between offensive and defensive biological warfare activities -- Soviet allegations of the use of biological weapons by the United States -- Sverdlovsk 1979: the release of bacillus anthracis spores from a Soviet Ministry of Defense facility and its consequences -- Allegations of Soviet responsibility for the use of mycotoxins -- Collaboration of Warsaw Pact states in the USSR's biological warfare program -- The question of biological weapons proliferation from the USSR biological warfare program -- Recalcitrant Russian policies in a parallel area: chemical weapon demilitarization -- The USSR, Russia and biological warfare arms control -- The Gorbachev years: the Soviet biological weapons program, 1985-1992 -- Boris Yeltsin to the present -- United States and international efforts to prevent proliferation of biological weapons expertise from the former Soviet Union. |
