| Summary |
This purpose of this thesis is to examine the development of the Ptolemaic navy in relation to Alexandria's place within the Mediterranean and Red Sea maritime economy. A number of important economic and political factors contributed to the growth and subsequent reduction of Egypt's fleet. In particular, Athenian sea power subsided to Macedonian control leading to drastic changes in fighting styles and ship construction. Renewed preferences for hand-to-hand combat at sea incorporated new weaponry, which aided Alexander in his conquests. Alexander also opened lines of communication throughout a vast empire, established a universal coin system and developed new trade centers on three continents. As a new world market flourished, Alexandria established itself as a dominant figure within the growing Mediterranean economy. The Ptolemaic navy responded to Egypt's economic success and expanded in accordance with the growing trade. At the height of Ptolemaic power, Alexandria maintained several key territories specifically prized for their shipbuilding resources. Egypt's fleet increased to more than 4,000 ships with naval garrisons stationed throughout the Aegean. Competition between Alexander's successors had effectively initiated a great naval arms race in attempts to secure foreign territory necessary to maintaining an ancient fleet. Consequently, the successors develop, fantastic supergalleys strictly unique to the Hellenistic period. Eventually internal disputes and corruption contribute to Alexandria's diminishing presence in the Aegean. Egypt compensated for economic downfall when the Ptolemies grew increasingly involved in eastern trade. The Red Sea, however, had its own set of demands, which prompted the Ptolemaic navy to open new sea-lanes, develop harbors and protect merchants from piracy. Once again, Egyptian vessels underwent drastic changes in size as the navy no longer encountered the large galleys of the Aegean and merchants began to deal in smaller luxury items. Each phase of Alexandria's maritime history demonstrates how Egypt's naval strength was directly related to its economic success. This thesis will examine the relationship between Alexandria's naval engagements, territorial acquisitions and trade relations under Ptolemaic rule. |
