| Contents |
Part I: Sound in nature. Sound in its simplest form. Physical vs. psychological sound -- Vibration. Simple harmonic motion ; Elasticity and momentum ; Frequency and amplitude ; Perception and measurement of frequency ; Perception and measurement of amplitude -- Transmission of sound. Mediums ; Resonance -- Complex sound -- Quality and timbre -- Harmonics. Harmonic relationships to pitch and frequency ; Harmonic relationships to loudness and amplitude -- Envelope. Temporal factors ; Description of sound -- Noise. Musical uses of noise ; Noise in the environment ; Masking -- Waveforms. Standing waves ; Transverse waves ; Longitudinal waves -- Acoustic properties of musical instruments. Acoustic classification of musical instruments -- Stringed instruments. Bowing ; Plucking ; Striking -- Acoustic properties of stringed instruments. Instruments with strings of changing length ; Instruments with strings of fixed length -- Wind instruments. Edge tones and open pipes ; Reeds and stopped pipes -- Acoustic properties of wind instruments. Woodwinds ; Brasswinds ; Human voice -- Percussion instruments. Stretched membranes ; Vibrating rods ; Vibrating plates -- Acoustic properties of percussion instruments. Stretched membranes ; Vibrating rods ; Vibrating plates -- Characteristics of sound. Sound in the environment -- Environmental effects upon sound. Speed of sound ; Diffusion ; Reflection and refraction ; Diffraction ; Doppler effect -- Sound's effect upon sound. Interference ; Beats ; Subjective tones -- Principles of good room acoustics. Reflection and reverberation ; Absorption and insulation -- |
| Contents |
Part II: Hearing and perception. The auditory system. Hearing and perception -- The outer ear. Pinna ; External auditory canal -- The middle ear. The ossicles ; The Eustachian tube -- The inner ear. The vestibular system ; Bone conduction ; The anatomy of the cochlea ; Cochlear function ; Cochlear microphonics ; The coding of auditory signals -- Chapter 6. Hearing loss and deafness. The range of auditory impairment. Conductive hearing loss ; The outer ear ; The middle ear ; The inner ear -- Sensory-neural hearing loss. Aging ; Drugs ; Noise -- Conservation of hearing. Information and diagnostic programs ; Hearing aids -- The perception of music. Aural perception -- The physical process. Nerve cells ; The central nervous system ; Brain waves and music -- The mental process. Consonance and dissonance ; Intervals and scales ; Temperament systems -- Part III: Electronic production and reproduction of sound: a retrospective. Sound reproduction. Beginnings in audio technology. First recordings ; The talking machine ; Radio -- The nature of electricity -- A simple electronic sound system. Microphones ; Amplifiers ; Loudspeakers -- Monophonic, stereophonic and more sound. A monophonic audio system ; A stereophonic audio systems ; More sound -- Other advances in audio reproduction -- Analog storage of music. The phonodisk -- Phonographs. Styli ; Phonocartridges ; Tone arms ; Turntables -- Magnetic tape. Tape heads ; Tape formats ; Noise reduction -- Tape machines. Controls ; Musical effects before digital recording -- Digital storage of music. Binary numbers -- Analog vs. digital -- Analog to digital conversion. Sampling ; Quantization -- Formatting -- Digital signal storage. Pulse code modulation ; Digital magnetic recording ; Digital storage media -- Compact disc technology. The disc ; The CD player ; Other CD formats -- Electronic production of sounds. Electronic amplification of traditional instruments. Early electronic pianos ; Electronic pick-ups -- Electronic organs. Magnetic tone generators ; Audio oscillators ; Musical effects -- Analog synthesizers. Electronic sound sources ; Signal modifiers ; Auxiliary controls -- Digital synthesizers. The computer ; Synths -- Our future: musical science fiction? |
| Abstract |
This text covers the broad areas of musical acoustics, how we hear (psychoacoustics) and electronic sound production and reproduction for musicians and music educators. Part I is an introduction to certain physical laws governing sound, sources of sound and mediums through which sound most usually travels. Included are acoustical explanations of how musical instruments produce sounds and their characteristic timbres. Part II is a review of the anatomy, function and dysfunction of the ear, related neurology, and aural perception. Part III explores electronic production and reproduction of sound. |
| General note | Includes index. |
| ISBN | 0898921139 |
| ISBN | 9780898921137 |
