| Contents |
Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Chapter 1: Overview Of Wind Energy Business -- Introduction -- Worldwide business of wind energy -- Cost of wind energy -- Benefits of wind energy -- Wind energy is not a panacea -- Chapter 2: Basics Of Wind Energy And Power -- Introduction -- Kinetic energy of wind -- Sensitivity of power to rotor radius and wind speed -- Basic concepts/equations -- Conservation of mass -- Conservation of energy -- Conservation of momentum -- Derivation of Betz limit -- Meaning of Betz limit -- Wind versus water -- Chapter 3: Properties Of Wind -- Introduction -- How is wind generated? -- Statistical distribution of wind speed -- Mean and mode of Weibull distribution for wind speed -- Power density -- Wind classes -- Wind shear -- Understanding wind shear -- Density of air as a function of elevation -- Density of air as a function of humidity -- Chapter 4: Aerodynamics Of Wind Turbine Blades -- Introduction -- Airfoils -- Relative velocity of wind -- Rotor disk theory -- Lift force -- Equal transit time fallacy -- Rotation fluid flow, circulation, and vortices -- Real fluids -- Flow of fluid over an airfoil -- Effect of Reynolds number on lift and drag coefficients -- Drag-based turbines -- Chapter 5: Advanced Aerodynamics Of Wind Turbine Blades -- Introduction -- Blade element model -- Constant-speed turbines, stall-versus pitch-regulated -- Variable-speed turbines -- Power curves -- Vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT) -- Chapter 6: Wind Measurement -- Introduction -- Definition of wind speed -- Configurations to measure wind -- Anemometer -- Calibration of anemometers -- Wind vane -- Placement of sensors -- Impact of inflow angle -- Impact of temperature -- Uncertainty in wind speed measurement with anemometers -- Example of error estimate -- Other sensors -- Data logger and communication device -- Designing a wind measurement campaign -- Installation of met-towers -- Example of met-tower installation -- Data management -- Data processing -- Computed quantities -- Turbulence -- Wind shear -- Air density -- Power density -- Remote sensing to measure wind speed -- Pros and cons of remote sensing for wind measurements -- Chapter 7: Wind Resource Assessment -- Introduction -- Overview of wind resource assessment -- Source of wind data -- Resource estimation models -- Mesoscale models -- CFD models -- WAsP, a microscale model -- Definitions -- Phases of resource assessment -- Preliminary wind resource assessment -- Wind resource map lookup -- Preliminary analysis of data from neighboring airports and other met-towers -- Detailed analysis of wind data from neighboring airports and other met-towers -- Onsite wind measurement -- Spatial extrapolation of wind resources from measured locations to planned wind turbine locations -- Hindcasting/MCP of measured data -- Predict -- Annual energy computations -- |
| Contents |
Chapter 8: Advanced Wind Resource Assessment -- Introduction -- Extreme wind speed (EWS) -- WAsP model in rugged terrain -- Wake of turbines -- N O Jensen model for wake -- Ainslie's Eddy viscosity model -- Combining wind speed deficits from multiple turbines -- Turbulence modeling -- Optimal layout of turbines in wind farm -- Wind turbine class selection -- Estimation of losses -- Uncertainty analysis -- Estimating uncertainty of annual energy production: framework for combining uncertainty -- Nonbankable versus bankable resource estimates -- Chapter 9: Wind Turbine Generator (WTG) Components -- Introduction -- Rotor system -- Blades -- Forces and moments -- Rotor hub -- Alternative configurations of turbines -- Pitch -- Nacelle -- Gearbox -- Yaw drive -- Nacelle housing and frame -- Lifting/lowering mechanism -- Towers -- Foundation -- Spread-footing foundation -- Design loads of wind turbines -- Design wind conditions -- Normal wind profile model (NWP) -- Extreme wind speed model (EWM) -- Turbine certification -- Chapter 10: Basics Of Electricity And Generators -- Introduction -- Basic principles of electromagnetism -- Faraday's Law of induction -- Lenz Law -- Lorenz Law or Biot-Savart Law -- Basic principles of alternating current -- Basic principles of electrical machines -- Conversion of mechanical to electrical power -- Synchronous generator -- Analysis of synchronous generators -- Variable-speed permanent magnet synchronous generators -- Direct-drive synchronous generator (DDSG) -- Asynchronous generators -- Variable speed -- Chapter 11: Deploying Wind Turbines In Grid -- Introduction -- What happens on a grid when there is no wind? -- Scheduling and dispatch of wind resources -- Single-line diagram -- Transmission and distribution -- Standards for interconnection -- Power factor and reactive power -- Low-voltage ride-through -- Power quality: flicker, and harmonics -- Short-circuit power -- Wind farm topologies -- Protection systems -- Grounding for overvoltage and lightning protection -- Lightning protection -- Transformers for wind applications -- Wind-plant interconnection and transmission study -- Transmission bottlenecks -- SCADA systems -- Data acquisition -- Reporting -- Control -- Chapter 12: Environmental Impact Of Wind Projects -- Introduction -- Framework for analyzing environmental impact -- Context of environmental impact -- Temporal and spatial scale -- Cumulative effects -- Quick comparison of wind versus fossil fuel-based electricity production -- Impact of wind farms on wildlife -- Noise from wind turbines -- Mitigation of noise -- Low-frequency noise -- Shadow flicker -- Aesthetic impact -- Hazard to aviation -- Electromagnetic interference -- Microwave -- TV and radio transmissions -- Radar -- |
| Contents |
Chapter 13: Financial Modeling Of Wind Projects -- Introduction -- Financial model -- Revenue model -- Renewable energy credits and carbon credits -- Revenue computations -- Capital costs -- Cost of turbine -- Cost of foundation, erection, access roads, and other civil works -- Substation, control system, cables, installation, and others related to grid connection -- Other costs -- Operating costs -- Depreciation and taxes -- Financial statements -- Income statement and cash flow for a wind project -- Balance sheet for a wind project -- Financial performance -- Net present value (NPV) -- Payback period -- Internal rate of return (IRR) -- Impact of tax credits and accelerated depreciation on financial performance -- Financing and structure of wind projects -- Financial evaluation of alternatives -- Chapter 14: Planning And Execution Of Wind Projects -- Introduction -- High-level project plan and timeline -- Development -- Prospecting -- Wind measurement and detailed wind assessment -- Project siting, interconnection, and PPA -- Project engineering and procurement -- Project financing -- Construction, installation, and commissioning -- Construction of infrastructure -- Site preparation -- Foundation construction and turbine erection -- Collection system and substation construction -- Commissioning -- Operations -- Index. |
| Abstract |
From the Publisher: A practical guide to wind energy engineering and management. This authoritative resource offers comprehensive details on effectively using wind energy as a viable and economical energy source. Featuring a multidisciplinary approach, Wind Energy Engineering covers physics, meteorology, aerodynamics, wind measurement, wind turbine specifications, electricity, and integration with the grid. Planning, site selection, cost assessment, environmental impact, and project management are also discussed. Filled with diagrams, tables, charts, graphs, and statistics, this is a definitive reference to current and future developments in wind energy. Wind Energy Engineering covers: The business of wind energy worldwide; Wind energy basics; Meteorological properties of wind and air; Aerodynamics of wind turbine blades; Wind measurement, data management, and reporting; Wind resource assessment; Advanced topics in resource assessment, including wake, losses, and uncertainty; Wind turbine generator components; Electricity and generator basics; Deploying wind turbines in the grid; Environmental impact of wind projects; Financial modeling, planning, and execution of wind projects. |
| Bibliography note | Includes bibliographical references and index. |
| LCCN | 2010027139 |
| ISBN | 9780071714778 (alk. paper) |
| ISBN | 0071714774 (alk. paper) |
